Riesgo de hemorragia cerebral en el traumatismo craneal leve y tratamiento antitrombótico / Risk of cerebral hemorrhage in mild traumatic brain injury and antithrombotic treatment

Objetivo El tiempo de observación en el traumatismo craneoencefálico leve (TCEL) es controvertido. Nuestro objetivo se basó en evaluar el riesgo de complicaciones neurológicas en el TCEL con y sin tratamiento antitrombótico. Método Evaluamos retrospectivamente los pacientes con TCEL atendidos en urgencias durante 3 años. Consideramos TCEL aquellos con Glasgow ≥13 al ingreso. Se realizó una TC craneal en todos los casos con >1 factor de riesgo al ingreso y a las 24h en aquellos con deterioro neurológico o TC craneal inicial patológica. Se revisó retrospectivamente las complicaciones en los siguientes 3 meses. Resultados Evaluamos 907 pacientes con una edad media de 73±19 años. El 91% presentaron factores de riesgo, con un 60% en tratamiento antitrombótico. Detectamos un 11% de hemorragia cerebral inicial, 0,4% a las 24h y ningún caso a los 3 meses. El tratamiento antitrombótico no se asoció con incremento de riesgo de hemorragia cerebral (9,9 con vs. 11,9% sin tratamiento; p=0,3). El 39% de las hemorragias presentaron síntomas neurológicos (18% amnesia postraumática, 12% cefalea, 8% vómitos, 1% convulsiones), siendo en un 78,4% síntomas leves. De las 4 hemorragias detectadas a las 24h, 3 fueron asintomáticas y un caso emporó la cefalea inicial. Ningún paciente asintomático sin lesión en la TC craneal inicial presentó clínica a las 24h. Conclusiones Nuestro estudio sugiere que los pacientes con TCEL asintomáticos, sin lesión en la TC craneal inicial no precisarían periodo de observación ni TC craneal de control, independientemente del tratamiento antitrombótico o nivel de INR (AU)

Introduction The observation time in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is controversial. Our aim was to assess the risk of neurological complications in mTBI with and without antithrombotic treatment. Method We retrospectively evaluated patients with mTBI seen in the emergency room for 3 years. We considered MTBI those with Glasgow ≥13 at admission. A cranial CT was performed in all cases with >1 risk factor at admission and at 24h in those with neurological impairment or initial pathological cranial CT. Complications in the following 3 months were retrospectively reviewed. Results We evaluated 907 patients with a mean age of 73±19 years. Ninety-one percent presented risk factors, with 60% on antithrombotic treatment. We detected 11% of initial brain hemorrhage, 0.4% at 24h, and no cases at 3 months. Antithrombotic treatment was not associated with an increased risk of brain hemorrhage (9.9% with vs. 11.9% without treatment, P=.3). 39% of the hemorrhages presented neurological symptoms (18% post-traumatic amnesia, 12% headache, 8% vomiting, 1% seizures), with 78.4% having mild symptoms. Of the 4 hemorrhages detected at 24h, 3 were asymptomatic and one case that worsened the initial headache. No asymptomatic patient without lesion on initial clinical cranial CT presented at 24h. Conclusions Our study suggests that patients with asymptomatic mTBI, without a lesion on the initial cranial CT, would not require the observation period or CT control regardless of antithrombotic treatment or INR level (AU)

Risk of cerebral hemorrhage in mild traumatic brain injury and antithrombotic treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The observation time in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is controversial. Our aim was to assess the risk of neurological complications in mTBI with and without antithrombotic treatment. METHOD: We retrospectively evaluated patients with mTBI seen in the emergency room for 3 years. We considered MTBI those with Glasgow ≥13 at admission. A cranial CT was performed in all cases with ≥1 risk factor at admission and at 24 h in those with neurological impairment or initial pathological cranial CT. Complications in the following 3 months were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: We evaluated 907 patients with a mean age of 73 ±â€¯19 years. Ninety-one percent presented risk factors, with 60% on antithrombotic treatment. We detected 11% of initial brain hemorrhage, 0.4% at 24 h, and no cases at 3 months. Antithrombotic treatment was not associated with an increased risk of brain hemorrhage (9.9% with vs 11.9% without treatment, p = 0.3). 39% of the hemorrhages presented neurological symptoms (18% post-traumatic amnesia, 12% headache, 8% vomiting, 1% seizures), with 78.4% having mild symptoms. Of the 4 hemorrhages detected at 24 h, 3 were asymptomatic and one case that worsened the initial headache. No asymptomatic patient without lesion on initial clinical cranial CT presented at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that patients with asymptomatic mTBI, without a lesion on the initial cranial CT, would not require the observation period or CT control regardless of antithrombotic treatment or INR level.

Baja tasa de infarto cerebral, infarto de miocardio y muerte vascular con el diagnóstico y tratamiento etiológico rápido del ataque isquémico transitorio / Rapid diagnosis and treatment of TIA results in low rates of stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death

Introducción: El riesgo de infarto cerebral dentro de los primeros 90 días tras un ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT) se estima entre un 8-20%. Existe escaso consenso sobre cuál es la estrategia diagnóstica más eficaz. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar del beneficio del estudio precoz con ecocardiografía transtorácica (ETT) y ultrasonografía carotídea y transcraneal (DTSA/TC) en los pacientes con AIT. Métodos: Evaluamos de forma prospectiva todos los pacientes con AIT atendidos en urgencias durante 24 meses. Recogimos variables demográficas, factores de riesgo vascular y escala ABCD2. La etiología del AIT fue clasificada según criterios TOAST. En todos los pacientes se realizó el estudio vascular precoz (< 72 h) con ETT y DTSA/TC. Los objetivos primarios fueron la recurrencia vascular cerebral, infarto de miocardio (IAM) o muerte vascular durante el primer año. Resultados: Evaluamos 92 pacientes con una edad media de 68,3 ± 13 años y el 61% fueron hombres. La media de la escala ABCD2 fue de 3 puntos (≥ 5 en un 30%). La distribución etiológica fue la siguiente: aterotrombótico de gran vaso 12%; cardioembólico 30%; pequeño vaso 10%; indeterminado 40% e inhabitual 8%. Los hallazgos de la ETT cambiaron el tratamiento en 6 pacientes (6,5%) con exploración física y ECG normal. Al año de seguimiento 3 pacientes (3,2%) sufrieron un infarto cerebral, uno (1%) un IAM y no detectamos ninguna muerte vascular. Conclusiones: El estudio etiológico precoz en los pacientes con AIT y la detección de pacientes con cardiopatía silente puede haber contribuido a la baja tasa de recurrencia vascular

Introduction: The 90-day risk of cerebral infarction in patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is estimated at between 8% and 20%. There is little consensus as to which diagnostic strategy is most effective. This study evaluates the benefits of early transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with carotid and transcranial Doppler ultrasound in patients with TIA. Methods: Prospective study of patients with TIA in an emergency department setting. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, and ABCD2 score were analysed. TIA aetiology was classified according to TOAST criteria. All patients underwent early vascular studies (< 72 hours), including TTE, carotid ultrasound, and transcranial Doppler. Primary endpoints were recurrence of stroke or TIA, myocardial infarction (MI), or vascular death during the first year. Results: We evaluated 92 patients enrolled over 24 months. Mean age was 68.3 ± 13 years and 61% were male. The mean ABCD2 score was 3 points (≥ 5 in 30%). The distribution of TIA subtypes was as follows: 12% large-artery atherosclerosis; 30% cardioembolism; 10% small-vessel occlusion; 40% undetermined cause; and 8% rare causes. Findings from the early TTE led to a change in treatment strategy in 6 patients (6.5%) who displayed normal physical examination and ECG findings. At one year of follow-up, 3 patients had experienced stroke (3.2%) and 1 patient experienced MI (1%); no vascular deaths were identified. Conclusions: In our TIA patients, early vascular study and detecting patients with silent cardiomyopathy may have contributed to the low rate of vascular disease recurrence

Rapid diagnosis and treatment of TIA results in low rates of stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death.

INTRODUCTION: The 90-day risk of cerebral infarction in patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is estimated at between 8% and 20%. There is little consensus as to which diagnostic strategy is most effective. This study evaluates the benefits of early transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with carotid and transcranial Doppler ultrasound in patients with TIA. METHODS: Prospective study of patients with TIA in an emergency department setting. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, and ABCD(2) score were analysed. TIA aetiology was classified according to TOAST criteria. All patients underwent early vascular studies (<72hours), including TTE, carotid ultrasound, and transcranial Doppler. Primary endpoints were recurrence of stroke or TIA, myocardial infarction (MI), or vascular death during the first year. RESULTS: We evaluated 92 patients enrolled over 24 months. Mean age was 68.3±13 years and 61% were male. The mean ABCD(2) score was 3 points (≥5 in 30%). The distribution of TIA subtypes was as follows: 12% large-artery atherosclerosis; 30% cardioembolism; 10% small-vessel occlusion; 40% undetermined cause; and 8% rare causes. Findings from the early TTE led to a change in treatment strategy in 6 patients (6.5%) who displayed normal physical examination and ECG findings. At one year of follow-up, 3 patients had experienced stroke (3.2%) and 1 patient experienced MI (1%); no vascular deaths were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In our TIA patients, early vascular study and detecting patients with silent cardiomyopathy may have contributed to the low rate of vascular disease recurrence.